I discussed a master’s thesis at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Karbala about diabetes, a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the secretion of diabetes.
Insulin, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia with diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart and blood vessels.
The thesis entitled (Evaluation of SMAD3 & SMAD2 and their relationship to the transformation of growth factor in patients with type 2 diabetes with early and chronic diabetic nephropathy) for the student (Hussain Saeed Abbas) included four chapters and obtained an honors degree
The present thesis aims to determine the role of SMAD2 and SMAD3 and their relationship with TGF-β in type 2 diabetic patients with early and chronic diabetic nephropathy in a sample of the Iraqi population, as well as to study the relationship between these biomarkers with biochemical parameters and conventional renal function.
This thesis concludes about the importance of these markers in the pathogenesis of DN which is supported by their association with albuminuria, high specificity and sensitivity by ROC analysis, and thus it has been suggested that they could be used as biochemical markers in DN.
